Top 10 greatest Scientists who changed 

the world...everyone must know them.....

Right from the beginning of human settlement, a lot of people came up with ideas, philosophies,beliefs, experiments, research, redesigning of thoughts, and surveys to bring myths to reality. People contributed for science to study different aspects of nature to prosper mankind. These genius minds put a keen interest on every phenomenon right from when they were kids. The zeal, passion, dedication, hard work and the effort they put in their work helped them discover something new about the world we live in.

10. Aristotle (384-322 BC)

Student of Plato and a tutor to Alexander the Great, Aristotle was a genius Greek philosopher and scientist of the ancient age. Born on 384 BC Aristotle was a biologist, a zoologist, ethicist, a political scientist and the master of rhetoric and logic. He also gave theories in physics and meta physics. Aristotle gained knowledge in different fields with his expansive mind and prodigious writings. However, only a fraction of his writings are preserved at present. Aristotle made collections to the plant and animal specimens and classified them according to their characteristics which made an standard for future work. He further gave theories on the philosophy of science. Aristotle also elaborated and estimated the size of earth which Plato assumed to be globe. Aristotle explained the chain of life through his study in flora and fauna where it turned from simple to more complex.

9. Archimedes(287-212 BC)

Regarded as the greatest mathematician ever, Archimedes developed profound and influential knowledge on mathematical physics and engineering that are widely used in machines as well as in constructions. Born on 287 BC, Archimedes is one of the finest scientist who broke through in both theories and practice. He introduced infinitesimals and laid the foundation for calculus. He gave descriptions on the first finite geometric progression, computed areas and volumes of sphere and parabolic segments. He also discovered the laws of lever, density, fluid equilibrium, buoyancy in different fields statics and hydrostatics. He is regarded as the prophet to the formal science that was started in Ancient Greece. “Give me a place to stand and I can move the whole world”, he said and we can still fill the impact of his generosity even today. All other scientists after him stand on his shoulders. Even though most of his work were burned in the museum of Alexandria, the remnants gave enough ideas for modern day science and technology.

8. Galileo(1564-1642 AD)

Born in Pisa, Italy in 1564, Galileo is called as the father of modern science because of his discoveries in astronomy and physics. He was sent to study medicine by his father, but he chose his career in science and mathematics and made the first telescope to observe stars and planets. He also discovered the law of pendulum as he watched a chandelier swing in the cathedral of Pisa. He also discovered that the surface of moon was not smooth but contained burrows and holes to what he called crater. He also discovered 4 revolving moons around Jupiter which are named after him. He proved what Copernicus said about sun being the center of the solar system. Galileo became blind in his old days and died in the year 1642.

7. Michael Faraday(1791-1867 AD)

Born on 1791, British citizen Michael Faraday was a son of a blacksmith who had to leave school in the fourth grade.It started working as a bookbinder and taught himself to read and writer. He developed a fascination with science and particularly in electricity after he studied lot of serious academic works during his days. Faraday is specially known for his discoveries of electromagnetic inductions and rotations, field theory, dia-magnetization and the magneto-optical effect. This humble genius invented the electric motor and Faraday’s ring. Faraday’s inquisitive and curious nature made him take chemistry lectures and taught at the Royal Institution as a lecturer later when Humphry Davy retired. Faraday also published research papers optical deceptions, condensation of gases and isolation of benzene from gas oils. He also wrote books on ” Experimental Researches in Electricity” and the “Chemical history of the Candle”. Faraday died on 1867.

6. Thomas Alva Edison(1847-1931 AD)

“The Wizard of the Menlo Park” nicknamed Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847. Excelled as both scientist and inventor, Edison patented a whopping total of 1,093 inventions in his life time. Most of the inventions that came from Edison are batteries, phonographs, cement, mining, telegraphs, lights and powers. He also improved the telephone made by Graham Bell and invented the kinetoscope that was used for viewing moving films. He was seen working almost more than 20 hours a day. Edison masterminded the digital voting system with his electro-graphic vote recorder for the legislative of the parliament. He also proposed ideas on preserving fruits by keeping it in vacuum. Edison pioneered the idea for storage batteries that was later used by Henry ford in his automobile. “Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration” is one of the most famous quote by this genius. He died in the year 1931.

5. Marie Curie(1867-1934 AD)

Marie Curie holds record for the first female to be awarded with a Nobel Prize. Inventor and scientist Curie was born as the youngest of five children in the year 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. Marie Curie has always remained a source of inspiration and motivation for different female scientists because of her determination to work. She invented the first mobile X-ray machine which helped to check the injured soldiers in the battlefield. Radium is another great invention from her. Curie experimented different elements to check their radio activity and found thorium. She also invented the pitch-blend which was the source of radiation in a mixture more powerful than uranium or thorium. She is also called ” the mother of atom bomb” with her invention of the radio active materials. However, with all her brilliance, hard work and patience in careful experiments she performed, her own invention killed her because of radiation poisoning in 1934.

4. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895 AD)

Louis Pasteur made astounding contributions in the field of science, technology and medicine. This genius was born on 1822 and spent his life working in chemistry and microbiology. Pasteur was the first ever scientist to study about fermentation in food elements that was caused by microbes. He also explained about biogenesis and proposed a theory named as the “Germ Theory”. He also created a process of toning and treating milk free from the damage causing microbes to what he called ” Pasteurization”. Pasteur is also regarded as the first man on earth to ever discover cure for puerperal fever and make the vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He also explained the asymmetry in various crystals on a molecular basis. His breadth of accomplishment and approaches in different fields of discoveries and inventions makes him a giant genius. He died in 1895.

3. Sir Issac Newton (1643-1727 AD)

Born on 1643 in Woolsthrope, England, Sir Issac Newton is best known for his law on gravitation. He was a poor student at school or at running the family estate. However, he loved making mechanical toys and models of windmills. Newton explained the theory of gravity and gravitation by inventing calculus as no other principles could explain it. The new revolution in mathematics, Calculus was derived from his binomial theorem to infinite series which accurately could measure the area inside the curve or rate of change of it.He also explained the theory on tides which occurred due to the gravitation pull from the sun, moon and earth. He also invented the reflecting telescope. Newtons laws can be found in different areas of mechanics, optics and chemistry. He was knighted with the title Sir by Queen Anne in 1705. Newton died at the age of 84, in 1727.

2. Albert Einstein (1879-1955 AD)

Born on 1879 in Ulm, Einstein is considered as one of the greatest revolutionary scientist the world has ever known. The “Man of Century”  has some spectacular works in physics which even makes him the father of modern physics for his contribution in developing the general theory of relativity. The world’s most famous equation E=mc2 on which the bomb is based comes from his theory. One of the greatest scientist of the 20th century, Einstein’s Special theory of relativity revolutionized physics which even challenged the scientists at CERN. Albert Einstein’s genius mind for the scientific advancement cause immeasurable change to the world. Together with his intellect, he was also a celebrity with his flirtatious behavior that could impress any women. This rare genius was awarded Nobel Prize in 1921 ” For his work on theortical physics, and for his discovery of the photoelectric effect”. Greatest physicist ever voted Einstein died on 1955 in Princeton.

1. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943 AD)

This Serbian born scientist atop the list because of his immense knowledge in different fields of science and technology. Without a question, this 1856 born guy was a cool geek. He could speak 8 languages, recite a whole book completely just with one reading, make a device just by seeing it once and not writing down anything. A funny fact about him was that he was a celibate his whole life. Tesla had developed almost everything by himself and did not expose any of it which later was invented by other scientists in his time. Tesla had generated ac current before Edison knew about charges. Markoni who got noble prize for inventing radio used all the ideas of Tesla. X-rays by Roentgen, RADAR by Watson-watt were all devised by Nikola Tesla. There was almost nothing that Tesla did not do. First hydro electricity plant in Niagara falls, experiments with cryogenic engineering, transistors, radio wave recorder from outer space were all built by Tesla. Remote control, neon lightening, modern electric motor, earthquake machine are finest inventions from Tesla. He was a true genius. However, most of his ideas and inventions were either copied, stolen or taken by somebody else. Tesla made a way to charge a house with electric lightening for electricity purpose but did not share it thinking somebody else will take it. This incredible mind created revolution with his inventions. He was a future-thinker and his minds would run on any wavelengths. However, he died tragically in a hotel room and was found dead only after two days of his death in 1943.

SOURCE: http://www.elist10.com/top-10-greatest-scientists-changed-world/

Top 10 World’s Greatest Scientists Ever

10. Archimedes

Born in Syracuse, Greece he was a pioneer in heralding the advent of the age of reason and logic. Best known for his theory on buoyancy, he is the source of inspiration of modern day engineering while he designed a litany of mechanical systems like the screw and lever that find wide range applications in our machinery and implements, thus giving paving way to the rise of mechanical engineering.  It is believed that he helped the King to find that his crown was not pure gold but adulterated, and went out crying “Eureka” in the streets. His contributions to maths and hydro-statics were recognized years later where their applications were used in industry. He was sadly killed in a battle.

9. Galileo

Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematicians, astronomer and philosopher. Called upon as the ‘Father of Science’, Galileo played a significant role in Scientific Revolution. His publications were mainly aimed at astronomical observations. He is widely known to have propagated ideas of inductive reasoning. Apart from observing phase shifts of Venus, he also observed Saturn and Neptune, and sunspots using his own version of the telescope.  He took up learning Mathematics and designed the military compass. He was the first to study the laws of motion and added that nature is governed by mathematical laws. However he was convicted of heresy by the Orthodox Church which led to his imprisonment until his death in 1642.

8. Isaac Newton

Regarded as the greatest scientist ever born, Isaac Newton is remembered for the infamous apple incident and the modern day cliche “Every action has an equal and opposite reaction”. Called upon as the Father of Classical Mechanics, his experiments led to the famous 3 laws of motion.  Isaac Newton was a man whose vision touched versatile levels. Be it Mechanics, Optics, or Mathematics; Newton developed each of these fields to a new dimension. Discovering calculus, the key element to all mathematical treatments of physical data, he gave birth to a new age of Science and Technology. There practically is no physics without the mention of Newton.  He framed the theory of gravitation. He was a student at Trinity College, Cambridge.  Newton’s birth in the year of death of Galileo is often termed as a mysterious coincidence.

7. Michael Faraday

The ‘Father of Electromagnetism’, Faraday played a pivotal role in the development of electricity and magnetism and revealed to the world that these physical phenomena are inter-related.  Faraday was an excellent experimentalist who conveyed his ideas in the simplest of sorts. His principal discoveries are the electromagnetic induction and electrolysis. It was his efforts that were influential in bringing electricity as a key element to all modern day electric appliances and gadgets.  He was very keen on education and delivered public lectures. Even with such minimal formal education, he became one of the most renowned scientists the world has ever known of.

6. James Maxwell

Known for unifying the concepts of electricity, magnetism and optics through a set of equation, now known as the Maxwell equations, he showed that they are all a fundamental concept of electromagnetism.  He was a theoretical scientist known for developing the first colour photograph and also worked on rigid body mechanics.  He laid the foundation for special relativity and quantum mechanics and paved way for the development of modern physics.

5. Thomas Edison

Edison was born in Ohio, USA. With more than 1000 patents to his name, he is best known for his works on phonograph and the practical electric bulb that soon caught global attention. Having faced hardships since childhood, he was educated by his mother and is referred as a pioneer of industrial technology by building the electric power house that worked on DC. He is also known for his strong opposing of AC current which Tesla found to be much more useful and efficient.  His phonograph sound recording came as a sudden surprise that people called him the “Wizard of Menlo Park”. He was one of the most prolific inventors, with patents ranging across a wide variety of fields in daily life use.

4. Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American scientist and inventor. Widely remembered for his contributions to electrical engineering, chiefly the AC power supply conventions, he patented the AC induction motor and transformer. He was also involved in the invention of radio communication. Tesla’s contribution to the development of AC has the source of all major power supply has redefined industrial outputs and factory setup. He is also known for high voltage high frequency experiments and X ray experiments. The modern power supply systems owe a lot to Tesla’s brilliance in electrical engineering

3. Albert Einstein

Synonymous with the word genius, he formulated the theory of special relativity, one of the twin planks of modern physics, the other being quantum mechanics. He derived the famous equation E =mc2  This eventually led to the Manhattan Project and the working on atomic bomb. He received the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on photoelectric work.  He developed the concept of light being a cluster of photons, thus discarding Newton’s corpuscular theory and showed that Newton’s laws failed at the atomic level. He is also known for Brownian motion and Bose-Einstein Condensate.  He was against rote learning since childhood that led to his rustication from school.  He was exceptional at Mathematics and Physics and developed the theory of quantum mechanics and subatomic particles.

2. Neils Bohr

Neils Bohr was a Danish physicist who developed the atomic model that to this day has explained various phenomena of sub-atomic particles. His model of an atom was the best one proposed that covered all major aspects, making some important postulates. He received the Nobel Prize in the year 1922 in this regard apart from having worked on quantum mechanics. He proposed that electrons revolve in energy levels that was important in understanding various effects. He was the one to develop an analogy of electrons revolving around nucleus with the solar system.  His theory was brilliant that it could be applied to all elements in the Periodic Table and thus served as an important step in advancements in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences.

1. Marie Curie

A Polish physicist and chemist, she is universally remembered for her pioneering work in radioactivity. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields and the only person to win in multiple sciences.  In 1903 she received the Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and in 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  She discovered plutonium and radium and performed extensive research on radioactivity.  She proposed a theory of radioactivity and also a method of segregating radioactive isotopes. She is seen as a symbol of women empowerment in the field of science with her awe-inspiring achievements and breakthroughs. Sadly she died of anemia brought on by years of exposure to radiation through her work and research

SOURCE: http://listdose.com/top-10-worlds-greatest-scientists-ever/

Top 5 World’s Greatest Scientists of all Time

1.  Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist and mathematician, is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Newton’s contribution to science is wide and unparalleled. His field of work such as the laws of motion is still being followed in schools and colleges as the basis of scientific understanding. His genius can be gauged from the fact that he discovered gravity from the simple act of an apple falling from the tree. Newton also validated the heliocentric model of the cosmos, built the first telescope, formulated empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. As a mathematician Newton contributed to infinitesimal calculus, power series, binomial theorem and method for approximation of roots of a function.

2. Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Albert Einstein, a German-born theoretical physicist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for the discovery of the law of photoelectric effect.  But his most important piece of work is the theory of relativity which along with quantum mechanics forms the basis for modern physics. He also formulated mass-energy equivalence relation E=m which is dubbed as the world’s most famous equation. He also collaborated with other scientists on works such as the Bose-Einstein statistics. Einstein’s letter to President Roosevelt in 1939, alerting him of possible nuclear weapons, is supposed to be a key stimulus in the development of the atomic bomb by the USA. Einstein considers this to be the biggest mistake of his life.

3. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)

Maxwell, a Scottish Mathematical physicist, introduced the concept of electromagnetic field through a set of equations. He showed that light and electromagnetic field travel at the same speed. In 1861, Maxwell took the first colour photograph after studies in the field of optics and colour vision. Maxwell’s work on thermodynamics and kinetic theory also helped other scientists in the field. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is the result one such development. His contributions to physics laid the foundation for future research, such as those in relativity and quantum mechanics and put him the league of prominent physicists.

4. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Louis Pasteur, French chemist and microbiologist, is the man behind the process of pasteurization, the reason why we are able to drink milk without breeding cows. Pasteur made discoveries in vaccination and created vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He also studied the causes and prevention of diseases, thus saving many lives. He contributed to the germ theory of disease and its application in clinical medicine. All of this led to Pasteur being titled the “father of microbiology”.  Pasteur’s discoveries in the field of chemistry include those on asymmetry of crystals and racemisation. He established the Pasteur institute to further his goal of research and application of science.

5.  Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Charles Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history. Darwin, an English naturalist and zoologist, pioneered evolutionary theory and evolutionism. He provided the basis for the understanding of the origin of human life.  He explained that all life has descended from common ancestors and that evolution has taken place through a process called natural selection. This is the dominant scientific explanation of diversity of life.

SOURCE: http://top-10-list.org/2014/06/02/top-10-worlds-greatest-scientists-of-all-time/2/